Demam Berdarah Berat bisa Meninggal? Kenali Gejala dan Tindakan yang Harus dilakukan Yuk!
Halo Moms dan Dads! Semua orang pasti mengetahui penyakit demam berdarah, terutama saat musim hujan dimulai. Namun tahukah Moms dan Dads bahwa demam berdarah bisa berkembang menjadi kondisi yang lebih serius yang disebut demam berdarah berat? Kondisi ini bisa menimbulkan komplikasi serius. Tidak hanya itu, bisa berakibat fatal jika tidak ditangani dengan cepat dan tepat.
Demam berdarah berat adalah suatu bentuk infeksi dengue berat yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue dan ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Infeksi virus ini dapat merusak pembuluh darah dan menurunkan jumlah trombosit dalam tubuh, yaitu sel darah yang membantu pembekuan darah. Akibatnya, bisa terjadi pendarahan berlebihan, kerusakan organ, bahkan kegagalan organ.Inilah mengapa sangat penting untuk mengenali gejala awal dan segera mencari pertolongan medis untuk mencegah gejala semakin parah.1
Gejala Serius yang Harus Diwaspadai 2
Penting sekali bagi Moms dan Dads untuk memahami gejala serius demam berdarah berat.
Gejala awal demam berdarah mungkin mirip dengan gejala pilek, seperti demam tinggi, sakit kepala, nyeri otot, nyeri sendi, mual dan muntah.
Namun, pada kasus demam berdarah yang berat, gejalanya bisa lebih parah. Tanda-tanda yang harus diwaspadai adalah:
- Demam tinggi mendadak: Demam tinggi mendadak hingga 40 derajat Celcius atau lebih tinggi.
- Sakit kepala parah: Sakit kepala yang sangat parah, terutama di bagian dahi.
- Sakit di belakang mata: Sakit terjadi di belakang mata.
- Nyeri hebat pada otot dan persendian: Nyeri hebat pada otot dan persendian.
- Mual dan muntah: Mual disertai muntah terus-menerus.
- Ruam: Munculnya ruam pada kulit. Ini bisa menjadi tanda infeksi demam berdarah.
- Kelelahan ekstrim: Perasaan lelah dan lemah yang sangat kuat.
- Tanda-tanda pendarahan: Perdarahan pada gusi atau hidung, tiba-tiba memar, muntah darah, dan lain-lain.
Tindakan yang Segera yang Harus Dilakukan 3
Sangat penting untuk mengambil tindakan segera jika Moms, Dads, atau anggota keluarga lainnya menunjukkan gejala-gejala serius yang disebutkan di atas. Moms dan Dads dapat melakukan langkah-langkah berikut. Segera dapatkan bantuan medis. Jangan menunggu sampai gejala memburuk. Segera bawa pasien ke fasilitas kesehatan terdekat untuk mendapatkan perawatan.
- Pemantauan Tanda Vital: Pantau suhu, denyut nadi, dan pernapasan pasien sambil menunggu ke dokter. Jika perlu, berikan kompres dingin untuk menurunkan demam.
- Asupan Cairan yang Cukup: Pastikan pasien meminum cairan yang cukup untuk menghindari dehidrasi. Bila penderita masih bisa minum, berikan air putih.
- Jangan Memberikan Obat Tanpa Resep Dokter: Jangan berikan obat seperti aspirin atau ibuprofen karena dapat meningkatkan risiko perdarahan. Gunakan obat antipiretik yang direkomendasikan oleh dokter.
- Istirahat yang Cukup: Memberikan pasien istirahat yang cukup untuk menunjang proses penyembuhan.
- Waspadai Tanda-tanda Kemunduran: Selalu waspadai tanda-tanda kemunduran, seperti penurunan kesadaran, pendarahan terus-menerus, atau kesulitan bernapas. Jika Moms dan Dads mengalami gejala-gejala ini, segera dapatkan perawatan medis darurat.
Pentingnya Pengawasan Medis yang Profesional
Moms dan Dads yang terkasih, peran dokter dalam pengobatan penyakit demam berdarah yang parah sangatlah penting. Dokter memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan untuk menegakkan diagnosis yang benar dan memberikan pengobatan yang diperlukan. Inilah mengapa pemantauan medis profesional sangat penting. Dokter dapat melakukan tes darah untuk memastikan adanya infeksi demam berdarah dan menilai tingkat keparahan kondisi pasien. Berdasarkan diagnosis, dokter Moms dan Dads mungkin akan meresepkan perawatan yang tepat, seperti cairan infus untuk mengatasi dehidrasi dan gejala lainnya.
Dokter secara teratur memantau perkembangan kondisi pasien untuk menghindari komplikasi serius. Hal ini mencakup pemantauan fungsi-fungsi penting dan inspeksi berkala. Untuk itu, sebaiknya terapkan 3M Plus untuk mencegah perkembangbiakan dan gigitan nyamuk, serta konsultasikan dengan dokter tentang pencegahan tambahan yaitu vaksinasi demam berdarah. Semoga Moms dan Dads sehat selalu ya!
Artikel ini dimaksudkan untuk informasi dan kesadaran publik, dan untuk tujuan edukasi. Artikel tidak dimaksudkan sebagai bentuk anjuran medis. Artikel ini telah disupervisi oleh:
dr. Carissa R.V Pratiwi.
C-ANPROM/ID/QDE/0559 | Jul 2024
Referensi:
- Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia. (2024). Memahami Demam Berdarah Dengue Bagian 2. Tersedia di: https://www.idai.or.id/artikel/seputar-kesehatan-anak/memahami-demam-berdarah-dengue-bagian-2#:~:text=Bagaimana%20gejala%20penyakit%20DBD%20%3F,mual%2C%20dan%20muntah%20sering%20ditemukan. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2024.
- Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2023). Gejala Demam Berdarah yang Perlu Diwaspadai. Tersedia di:
https://ayosehat.kemkes.go.id/gejala-demam-berdarah-yang-perlu-diwaspadai. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2024.
- Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2019). Kesiapsiagaan Menghadapi Peningkatan Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue Tahun 2019. Tersedia di:
https://p2p.kemkes.go.id/kesiapsiagaan-menghadapi-peningkatan-kejadian-demam-berdarah-dengue-tahun-2019/. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2024.
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